中小学校学生流感疫苗接种效果评估和卫生经济学评价

目的评估中小学校学生流感疫苗接种效果,开展疫苗接种的卫生经济学评价,为制定流感疫苗接种策略提供依据。方法采用易感者-潜伏者-显性感染者/隐性感染者-移出者/恢复者(susceptible-exposed-infectious/asymptomatic-removed/recovered,SEIARR)动力学模型对既往疫情数据进行模拟,计算累计罹患率评估疫苗接种效果,计算成本-效果和成本-效益进行卫生经济学评价。结果当流感疫苗接种率为0%、50%、70%和90%时,疫情平均累积罹患率为99.79%(99.75%,99.82%)、70.84%(70.58%,71.09%)、56.81%(56.17%,57.45%)和34.29%(32.46%,36.20%),流感疫苗接种率越高,累计罹患率越低;当疫苗接种率为50%、70%和90%时,疫苗的成本-效果比为:141.03(139.86,142.19)元、133.16(131.34,135.08)元和112.90(110.03,116.11)元,疫苗的成本-效益比为:6.27(6.22,6.32)元、6.65(6.56,6.74)元和7.88(7.66,8.09)元;流感疫苗接种率越高,疫苗的成本-效果越好,成本-效益越高。结论接种流感疫苗能有效降低疫情的累计罹患率,提高接种率能有效增加疫苗接种的卫生经济学效应。     

评估细胞学、HR-HPV在阴道镜检查中发生宫颈癌前病变风险的分层研究

  目的  评估细胞学、高危型人乳头瘤病毒(high risk human papillomavirus, HR-HPV)与阴道镜结果的不同组合发生宫颈上皮内瘤变≥2级(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse, CIN2+)的风险。  方法  选取2018年1月-2018年12月深圳市妇幼保健院阴道镜门诊数据库中822例患者的临床数据资料,基于细胞学、HR-HPV和阴道镜结果,分析患者发生CIN2+的风险差异。  结果  若发现其中两种检查结果高度异常(细胞学高度上皮内瘤变及以上(high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion or worse, HSIL+)、HPV16/18+、阴道镜高级别病变),则发生CIN2+的风险高于60%;若发现三种高度异常,则发生CIN2+的风险为97.1%。  结论  当发现细胞学、HR-HPV和阴道镜结果中≥2种异常情况,未来进展为CIN2+的风险较高,应予以重视,减少不必要的误诊和漏诊。     

A nationwide post-marketing survey of knowledge,attitude and practice toward human papillomavirus vaccine in general population: Implications for vaccine roll-out in mainland China

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been increasingly discussed in mainland China since its first approval in 2016. To date, nearly all studies assessing HPV vaccine perceptions and attitudes were implemented during pre-licensure period. Therefore, the nationwide post-marketing survey was conducted to update knowledge, attitudes and practice on HPV vaccine among general population in mainland China.MethodsParticipants aged 18–45 years living in mainland China were recruited in April 2019 by multi-stage non-randomized sampling. Sociodemographic factors, HPV and HPV vaccine related awareness, knowledge, attitudes, vaccine uptake and potential obstacles were assessed in questionnaires. Bivariate analysis and multivariate regression were used to identify disparity among subgroups with different sociodemographic characteristics.Results4,000 women (32.1 ± 7.81y) and 1,000 men (31.8 ± 7.96y) were included in final analysis. Less than one third of participants had heard of HPV (female: 31%; male: 22%) and HPV vaccine (female: 34%; male: 23%). Knowledge score was also unfavorable on HPV (female: 3 out of 13; male: 1.8 out of 13) and HPV vaccine (female: 3 out of 6; male: 2 out of 5). Only 3% females had been vaccinated three years after HPV licensure in China, although willingness to get vaccinated among those unvaccinated were high (mean willingness score ± SD: female: 3.3 ± 0.97; male: 3.0 ± 0.98). Industry of employment and household income were the major factors related to awareness and knowledge of vaccine, whereas HPV and HPV vaccine awareness were key influential factors for willingness. The main obstacles of vaccination were safety concerns, lack of knowledge, and high price of HPV vaccines.ConclusionsFindings highlight a lack of vaccine awareness, knowledge, and poor uptake in mainland China and underscore the necessity of health education campaigns. The identified priority groups, contents to be delivered and practical obstacles could furthermore provide insight into health education to reduce disparities and accelerate HPV vaccine roll-out in China.     

分娩期短时输注少量葡萄糖液对胎儿血糖及血气的影响

目的:研究分娩期输液及母儿血糖对胎儿的影响。方法:分娩过程中分别给母亲输注5％GNS和0.9％NS后,比较母儿血糖、胎儿脐动脉血pH值及新生儿并发症的差异。结果:母亲血糖与脐静脉血糖、母儿血糖梯度均呈明显的正相关性,相关系数r分别为0.929和0.697;脐动脉血pH值与母亲血糖及与脐静脉血糖均存在明显的负相关性,相关系数r分别为-0.357及-0.347;两组的脐动脉血pH值、胎儿窘迫发生率及新生儿发病率无显著性差异,P>0.05。结论:分娩期持续缓慢地给母亲输注5％GNS或0.9％NS,对母儿血糖、脐动脉血pH值及新生儿预后的影响无明显差异,分娩期母儿血糖与脐动脉血pH值呈负相关。     

剖宫产术前访视术后支持的临床研究

目的:探讨术前访视术后支持心理干预在缓解围术期应激反应的作用及对术后恢复的影响。方法:术前手术室护士到床前与产妇交流,自我介绍并交待术前注意事项,术前术后进行矫正认知及松弛训练。结果:通过术前访视的产妇围术期的血压、心率较对照组明显稳定,术后疼痛心理评分6h后明显低于对照组,术后肠蠕动恢复及下地时间方面较对照组明显提前。结论:剖宫产术前访视能减轻产妇围术期应激反应,并能促进产妇术后早日恢复。     

深圳市宝安区孕产妇死亡原因分析

目的:探讨降低孕产妇死亡率,消除新生儿破伤风方法。方法:选自深圳市宝安区妇幼保健院2004年1月1日~2005年9月30日对广东省孕产妇死亡监测点之一的深圳市宝安区8个镇和2个城区2年来所发生的孕产妇死亡共30例进行个案调查核实,对监测点所发生的孕产妇死亡接报后实行三级(镇、区、市)实地调查、核实,通过三级评审明确死因、性质,按规定逐级上报的方法。结果:2年来该地区同期活产数58671例,孕产妇死亡共30例,平均孕产妇死亡率51·13/10万,其中流动人口死亡共29例,死亡率49·42/10万,暂住人口孕产妇死亡1例,死亡率19·18/10万,常住人口死亡数为零。孕产妇死亡主要原因依次为:产科出血9例,羊水栓塞8例,妊娠期高血压疾病5例,肺炎3例,心脏病1例,产褥感染1例,胃癌晚期1例,主动脉夹层瘤破裂1例,猝死1例。结论:制定出有效干预措施防止孕产妇死亡的发生。     

左上侧切牙Ⅲ型牙内陷牙髓及牙周联合治疗1例

本文报告1例因牙齿根面畸形导致严重根尖病变及牙周破坏的牙周牙髓联合病变的左上侧切牙,瘘道长期不愈,腭侧窄而深牙周袋,严重根尖病变及牙槽骨垂直吸收。通过显微根管治疗、根尖手术、引导牙周组织再生术治疗,实现了控制根尖及牙周感染,达到了保留患牙的目的。     

围绝经期妇女慢性牙周炎与骨密度改变的相关关系

目的探讨围绝经期妇女慢性牙周炎与全身骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)之间的相关关系。方法 2012-07~2014-03在深圳市妇幼保健院口腔疾病防治中心及妇女健康中心随机选择围绝经期慢性牙周炎妇女和牙周健康对照妇女各100例。采用双能X线骨密度测量仪测量正位腰椎和左侧股骨颈的骨密度值;拍摄下颌骨数字曲面断层片,测量下颌骨骨高度、测定牙槽骨骨密度;比较两组患者骨密度之间的差异。牙周检查包括牙周附着丧失(clinical attachment loss,CAL)和牙周探诊深度(periodontal probing depth,PPD)。分析各骨密度测量值与牙周临床指标的相关性。结果病例组与对照组分别有98例和96例完成了全部检查,两组妇女在平均年龄、平均体重指数、基础疾病情况、烟酒史、绝经情况等方面差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。牙周炎组妇女股骨颈、牙槽骨BMD测定值,下颌骨高度均明显低于对照组妇女,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。围绝经期慢性牙周炎妇女的腰椎、股骨颈、牙槽骨BMD与下颌骨高度均呈正相关关系(P<0.001),牙槽骨BMD与PPD均呈负相关关系(P=0.006),股骨颈、牙槽骨BMD与CAL呈负相关关系(P<0.001)。结论围绝经期妇女全身骨密度降低可能会增加慢性牙周炎的发病风险,而定期进行口腔检查并拍摄X线片是发现骨质疏松及口腔疾病有效手段之一。     

The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and adiponectin in children with Kawasaki disease

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) mRNA, serum adiponectin (ADP) and lipids in paediatric patients with Kawasaki disease (KD).MethodsThis prospective study enrolled paediatric patients with KD and grouped them according to the presence or absence of coronary artery lesions (CAL). A group of healthy age-matched children were recruited as the control group. The levels of PPARγ mRNA, serum ADP and lipids were compared between the groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was undertaken to determine if the PPARγ mRNA level could be used as a predictive biomarker of CAL prognosis.ResultsThe study enrolled 42 patients with KD (18 with CAL [CAL group] and 24 without CAL [NCAL group]) and 20 age-matched controls. PPARγ mRNA levels in patients with KD were significantly higher than those in the controls; but significantly lower in the CAL group than the NCAL group. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the PPARγ mRNA level provided good predictive accuracy for the prognosis of CAL. There was no association between PPARγ, ADP and lipid levels.ConclusionThere was dyslipidaemia in children with KD, but there was no correlation with PPARγ and ADP. PPARγ may be a predictor of CAL in patients with KD with good predictive accuracy.     

联合检测胎儿血红蛋白、α1微球蛋白、sFlt-1及PIGF对子痫前期的诊断价值

目的探查孕妇外周血清胎儿血红蛋白（HBF）、α1-微球蛋白（A1M）、可溶性血管内皮生长因子受体-1（snt-1）、胎盘生长因子（P1GF）以及尿液中α1-微球蛋白（u—A1M）在正常妊娠组和子痫前期（PE）组的表达差异,探讨其在子痫前期发病机制中的作用。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测23例正常妊娠孕妇、50例子痫前期孕妇（N轻度=20例、N重度=30例）外周血清中HBF、A1M、sFlt-1、P1GF以及尿液A1M水平,计算sFlt—1／P1GF比值,应用logistic回归和接受者工作特征曲线（ROC曲线）评价指标单独及联合应用对子痫前期的诊断价值。结果子痫前期组血清HBF、AIM、sFlt-1、sFlt-1／P1GF比值以及尿液A1M水平均高于正常妊娠组（P〈0．05）,子痫前期组PlGF水平低于正常妊娠组（P〈0．05）。血清HBF、A1M、sFlt-1、P1GF、sFlt-1／P1GF比值以及尿液A1M的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）依次为：0．794,0．805,0．690,0．754,0．801,0．648。指标联合后AUC增大,敏感度和特异度更佳。结论HBF、A1M、sFlt—1、P1GF可能参与了子痈前期的发病机制,联合检测可以提高子痫前期的诊断价值。